diff --git a/ebike-gather/src/main/java/org/cdzy/gather/kafka/KafkaConsumer.java b/ebike-gather/src/main/java/org/cdzy/gather/kafka/KafkaConsumer.java
index dd4a362..0c0ac52 100644
--- a/ebike-gather/src/main/java/org/cdzy/gather/kafka/KafkaConsumer.java
+++ b/ebike-gather/src/main/java/org/cdzy/gather/kafka/KafkaConsumer.java
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ public class KafkaConsumer {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 消费者监听消息
-     *
-     * @param record 消息
+     * 消费者监听信息
+     * @param record 记录
      */
     @KafkaListener(topics = {"command"})
     public void onMessage(ConsumerRecord<?, ?> record) {
@@ -53,21 +52,30 @@ public class KafkaConsumer {
             String topic = objectNode.get("topic").asText();
             String command = objectNode.get("command").asText();
 
+            // 验证消息内容
+            if (topic == null || topic.trim().isEmpty()) {
+                log.error("[KAFKA处理异常] MQTT主题为空: {}", record.value());
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (command == null || command.trim().isEmpty()) {
+                log.error("[KAFKA处理异常] MQTT命令内容为空，主题: {}", topic);
+                return;
+            }
+            mqttPoolClient.getPoolStatus();
             // 使用注入的 MqttPoolClient 发送消息
+            Thread.sleep(10000);
             boolean sent = mqttPoolClient.sendMessage(topic, MqttQoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, command);
 
             log.info("[MQTT发送结果] 主题: {}, 成功: {}", topic, sent);
 
-            // 如果发送失败，可以添加重试逻辑或告警
             if (!sent) {
                 log.error("[MQTT发送失败] 主题: {}, 内容: {}", topic, command);
-                // 这里可以添加重试逻辑或发送到死信队列
                 handleSendFailure(topic, command);
             }
 
         } catch (Exception e) {
             log.error("[KAFKA处理异常] 消息处理失败: {}", record.value(), e);
-            // 处理解析或发送异常
             handleProcessingError(record.value(), e);
         }
     }
diff --git a/ebike-gather/src/main/java/org/cdzy/gather/mqtt/MqttPoolClient.java b/ebike-gather/src/main/java/org/cdzy/gather/mqtt/MqttPoolClient.java
index c5351fe..0e6b498 100644
--- a/ebike-gather/src/main/java/org/cdzy/gather/mqtt/MqttPoolClient.java
+++ b/ebike-gather/src/main/java/org/cdzy/gather/mqtt/MqttPoolClient.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package org.cdzy.gather.mqtt;
 
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
 import io.netty.channel.Channel;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.mqtt.*;
@@ -194,28 +195,69 @@ public class MqttPoolClient {
     }
 
     private MqttPublishMessage buildPublishMessage(String topic, MqttQoS qos, String payload, int messageId) {
-        return MqttMessageBuilders.publish()
-                .topicName(topic)
-                .qos(qos)
-                .retained(false)
-                .messageId(messageId)
-                .payload(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(payload.getBytes()))
-                .build();
+        try {
+            // 创建独立的 ByteBuf
+            ByteBuf payloadBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(payload.getBytes(java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+
+            return MqttMessageBuilders.publish()
+                    .topicName(topic)
+                    .qos(qos)
+                    .retained(false)
+                    .messageId(messageId)
+                    .payload(payloadBuf)
+                    .build();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("构建MQTT发布消息失败, 主题: {}", topic, e);
+            throw new RuntimeException("构建MQTT消息失败", e);
+        }
     }
 
     private boolean sendMessageSync(Channel channel, MqttPublishMessage message, String topic, int messageId) {
+        String content = null;
         try {
+            // 在发送前提取内容用于日志
+            try {
+                ByteBuf payload = message.payload();
+                // 检查引用计数
+                if (payload.refCnt() <= 0) {
+                    log.warn("消息payload引用计数为0，主题: {}, 消息ID: {}", topic, messageId);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                content = payload.toString(java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                log.warn("提取MQTT消息内容失败，主题: {}, 消息ID: {}", topic, messageId, e);
+                content = "[内容提取失败]";
+            }
+
+            // 发送消息
             channel.writeAndFlush(message).sync();
+
             log.info("[MQTT发送] 主题: {}, QoS: {}, 消息ID: {}, 内容: {}",
-                    topic, message.fixedHeader().qosLevel(), messageId,
-                    message.payload().toString(java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+                    topic, message.fixedHeader().qosLevel(), messageId, content);
             return true;
+
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("同步发送MQTT消息异常，主题: {}, 消息ID: {}", topic, messageId, e);
+            log.error("同步发送MQTT消息异常，主题: {}, 消息ID: {}, 内容: {}", topic, messageId, content, e);
+
+            // 发生异常时安全释放消息
+            safelyReleaseMessage(message);
             return false;
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 安全释放MQTT消息
+     */
+    private void safelyReleaseMessage(MqttPublishMessage message) {
+        try {
+            if (message != null && message.payload() != null && message.payload().refCnt() > 0) {
+                message.payload().release();
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.debug("释放MQTT消息资源时发生异常", e);
+        }
+    }
+
     private void sleepWithBackoff(int attempt) {
         try {
             long backoffMs = Math.min(1000 * (1L << (attempt - 1)), 10000);